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Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 43(8): 457-463, 2020 Oct.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-639589

ABSTRACT

SARS-CoV-2 infection has produced a pandemic with serious consequences for our health care system. Although liver transplant patients represent only a minority of the population, the hepatologists who follow these patients have tried to coordinate efforts to produce a protocol the management of immunosuppression during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although there are no solid studies to support general recommendations, experiences with other viral infections (hepatitis C, cytomegalovirus) suggest that management of immunosuppression without mycophenolate mofetil or m-Tor inhibitors (drugs that are also associated with leukopenia and lymphopenia) may be beneficial. It is also important to pay attention to possible drug interactions, especially in the case of tacrolimus, with some of the treatments with antiviral effect given in the context of COVID 19 (lopinavir/ritonavir, azithromycin). Finally, the immunosuppressive effect of immunomodulating drugs (tocilizumab and similar) administered to patients with severe lung disease should be taken into account. The mechanisms of action of the different immunosuppressive drugs are reviewed in this article, as well as their potential effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection, and suggests guidelines for the management of immunosuppression.


Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Liver Transplantation , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Adaptive Immunity , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Betacoronavirus/immunology , Betacoronavirus/physiology , COVID-19 , Calcineurin Inhibitors/adverse effects , Calcineurin Inhibitors/pharmacology , Calcineurin Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Contraindications, Drug , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Disease Susceptibility , Drug Interactions , Everolimus/adverse effects , Everolimus/pharmacology , Everolimus/therapeutic use , Glucocorticoids/adverse effects , Glucocorticoids/pharmacology , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Humans , Immunity, Innate , Immunocompromised Host , Immunosuppression Therapy/methods , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Mycophenolic Acid/adverse effects , Mycophenolic Acid/pharmacology , Mycophenolic Acid/therapeutic use , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , Postoperative Complications/immunology , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , SARS-CoV-2 , Sirolimus/adverse effects , Sirolimus/pharmacology , Sirolimus/therapeutic use , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , COVID-19 Drug Treatment
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